When extracellular $K^+$ concentration increase by a certain amount, excitability of cells is higher because the resting potential shifts toward a higher equilibrium potential of $K^+$, therefore causing depolarization. However, when there concentration of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increases, excitability of cells decreases. If $Ca^{2+}$ and $K^+$ are both positively charged ions, what is the cause behind their opposite physiological effects?
I'm not a biology student, so detailed answers would be kindly appreciated. Thank you!
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