Recently, it has been asked whether there are 'metabolic types' between humans that can benefit from a sort of personalized nutrition. One answer suggested that one discerning factor could be the human microbiome. It is known that host–microbial symbiotic states might respond differently to diet and drug intake, but whether this can be useful for personalized nutrition is less clear to me. I wonder:
does the microbiome affect food metabolism? (useful for personalized nutrition)
OR
is the food that we eat affecting the microbiome? (less useful for personalized nutrition)
I know the answer is probably both, but there are examples causally demonstrating one branch and excluding the other?
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