teaching - Has the student responsibility for not cheating?

If a student is cheating, he can be caught or not caught. If he is caught, it's not obvious what to do.

There are options with different strategies:

1. The students are themselves responsible for not cheating.



2. The teacher is responsible for preventing cheating.


3. The organisation is responsible for not cheating.

Options 2. and 3. are obviously acceptable and in use.
Option 1. is the one that is interesting. If that is used, it often leads to cheating in very high percentages, significantly more than in cases 2. and 3. is cheated.

The most interesting point is that in case 1., cheating is irrelevant for the teacher and the organisation. The teacher should explain the strategy, and the reasoning to do it in the course notes. And that is all for him.

The reasoning is that it is to the detriment of the student, and nobody else if the student cheats.

Is this strategy somewhere in use?
Should it be?

(I do not limit the question to the level of education, but there are levels - like before high school, where one can not obviously assign the responsibility to the children. But it is still possible to work. In the case of PhD students, it is possible.)