degree - What are the equivalencies between the higher education in France (Licence - Master - Doctorat) and the higher education in the United States?

In France the higher education is like this:

• 3 years of "Licence"


• 2 years of "Master"



• 3 years of "Doctorat"

But what about in the United States?

I heard that they have things called "undergraduate", "graduate" and "postgraduate". How many years do each of those take? And what are the equivalencies between these and the "Licence - Master - Doctorat"?

Note: If the answer to this question depends on the field of studies, then the field is physics.