physiology - Which ionic channels of Pacemakers can work in very low frequencies in extrasystole?

At frequency 0-3 Hz. Like computer processors which can work at low frequencies and controlling under- and overvoltage.

Normal most significant channels are Ca2+ and K+ that are changing. However, I am not convinced that they can work with such a low frequencies. There must be some other channels that are triggering the extrasystole on.

Which ionic channels of Pacemakers can work in 2-3 Hz triggering extrasystole?

Answer

I think none. It is so specific frequency range that the possible sources are

• autonomic nervous system and


• some reflex arch.

Also, the frequency is logically low with autonomic triggering. My conjecture is that sympaticus starts up extrasystoles. I think it must go through some reflex arch to be so specific.