genetics - Genotypes in diploid/haploid cells under mitotic/meotic cell divisions

I am new to genetics , and am stuck with the following question at hand:

If $2$ cells with genotypes $(A/a)$ and $(A/a,B/b)$ undergo mitotic and meotic cell divisions respectively, what will be the genotypes/gene compositions in the resultant diploid and haploid cells with respect to the above mentioned alleles?

Can someone help me how to proceed?

Answer

Though broad, here I provide a summary in graphical way.

Mitosis:

.

---

MEIOSIS: 2 successive steps : Meiosis-1 and meiosis-2

Meiosis-1

---

Meiosis-2

---

So lets see what happens with cells given at question.

1. Cell with genotype Aa

(monohybrid or one-point cross-experiments; that means we are looking to gene-pair at 1 loci; not looking to any other genes):

1. A. Mitosis:

Possible genotypes of their offsprings: All Aa.

1. B. Meiosis:

gametes will show 2-possibilities ; A, a.

---

2. Cell with genotype AaBb

(dihybrid or 2-point cross-experiments; that means we are looking on genes of 2 loci; not to any other cells):

2.A. Mitosis:

all offsprings AaBb.

2.B. Meiosis:

If given condition says the loci for A (or a) and B (or b) are on same chromosome (linked genes) and no crossing-over is there;

then We will get only 2 types of gamete AB and ab.

If crossing over(s) take place between the 2 loci; then we'll get 4 types of gamete AB, Ab, aB, ab; but their ocurring frequency will deviate from Mendel's independent assortment.

If the 2 loci are not-linked; i.e. they are located in distinct chromosome; then also we'll get 4 types of gametes AB, Ab, aB, ab; but they will follow Mendel's independent assortment pattern.

Reference:

1. 
   

   Concepts of Genetics, 8th Edition (EBook) By William Klug, Michael Cummings, Charlotte Spencer / Pearson; chapter 2 (mitosis and meiosis)

   
   


2. 
   

   The science of Genetics, 6th edition, by George Burns and Paul Bottino, Macmillan.

   
   


3. 
   
   

   Genetics/ P.K. Gupta/ Rastogi Publication Meerut