The title pretty much says it all. It is widely taught that a gene in a eukaryotic system could produce more than one protein due to post-transcriptional modification, but I do not believe I have come across any specific examples of this. Are any such systems known? Or is this more theoretical?
Answer
The answer is not simple - @shigeta mentioned a few mechanisms leading to single gene-to-multi protein relationships - and the answer is certainly not short (there are thousands of these genes).
But anyway "alternative splicing" seems to be the primary mechanism according to this article, so rather than listing all alternatively splicing genes, here are the databases (+links):
Alternative splicing gene database (click on blue for link):
EDAS: EST derived alternative splicing database
U12DB: A database of U12 spliceosomal introns
FASTdb: Friendly Alternative Splicing and Transcript database
BIPASS: Bioinformatics Pipeline for Alternative Splicing
ASAP II: Alternative Splicing Database
ASTD: Alternative Splicing and Transcript Diversity database
H-DBAS: Human database of alternative splicing
Hollywood: Alternatively spliced mRNA database
Ecgene: Genome annotation for alternative splicing
SpliceMiner: Collection of splice variants for human genes
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