Monday, 5 June 2017

species identification - What are these tiny, swarming, jumping bugs?


I built a small plywood box in my yard (on Long Island, NY, USA) for some stray cats about a year ago. I didn't bother waterproofing the box, and so over time the box has gotten damp.


About two weeks ago I started seeing small reddish brown bugs on the box, and in the food/water dishes near the box. Can anyone help identify them? Here are some details:




  • there are 100s of them

  • they're really small, the biggest ones are about the size of a sesame seed

  • they jump when disturbed, usually in an upwards direction

  • they don't seem to go on the cats

  • some venture 2-4 ft from the box to find food dishes on the ground (concrete patio)

  • they drown themselves in the water dish by the dozen

  • they're more active when it's warmer (~ 45°). When it's cold (25-35°) they mostly hide somewhere


All of this makes them sound like fleas, but they're not fleas -- they don't jump as high or have the flat body of a flea. They actually look like arachnids. OK that makes them sound like baby jumping spiders - but I've seen baby jumping spiders at work, and these look different (they're reddish brown, not black, and they don't jump in an "across" direction, they jump upwards, kind of randomly). Maybe they're a different type of jumping spider, but why haven't they moved on? Why are they taking up residence on the box, instead of spreading out and going their separate ways like baby spiders usually do?


They're are about the size of a sesame seed so it's hard to get a good picture.



EDIT: new picture collage:


enter image description here



Answer



Very useful image updates! These are actually not arachnids but hexapods called springtails (order Collembola). Although springtails are often very tiny and hard to see without a lens, you happen to find some "larger" specimens. Specifically, these appear to be some species in the family Dicyrtomidae.


enter image description here


Credit: M. Bertone (source)


Your species resembles the image of Dicyrtomina minuta seen here or Dicyrtomina saundersi seen here (though I can't be certain of these source's accuracy).


In general, springtails usually feed on decaying matter, and -- you guessed it -- they're known for their ability to jump!



Springtails are so-called because they have a unique structure, the furcula, that allows them to jump for considerable distance relative to their tiny size. [source].




enter image description here


Springing mechanism of a generalized springtail. Credit: Marianne Alleyne [Source]


According to NC State Extension:



Rarely springtails may become exceedingly abundant and may congregate in heaps several inches high on driveways, sidewalks and poolsides.



Collembola.org has many excellent close-up images as well as detailed descriptions of nuances and sexual dimorphism seen in the Dicyrtomina group of springtails.


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