Wednesday 21 March 2018

environment - Why is Homo sapiens not categorized as an invasive species?


According to Invasive Species Advisory Committee (ISAC), the definition of the invasive species is “a species that is non-native to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.”


But considering the following facts, why is this species not categorized as an invasive species? Homo sapiens:





  • is non-native to the most of the ecosystem which it is inhabiting, since it originated from a certain area of Africa and spread quite recently.




  • has often caused environmental problems by decreasing the local species after its introduction, as it is known that the number of species in the planet is drastically decreasing ever since the advent of Homo sapiens.




  • is likely to cause the same problem after introduced to new environment where homo sapiens hasn't inhabited yet.





http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/docs/council/isacdef.pdf



Answer



Ignoring for the moment the question of politics, let's consider the various definitions of the term "invasive species" that are in use. Colautti and MacIsaac write in their discussion of invasive species terminology (1):



The greatest confusion [among the discussed ecological terms] surrounds the common term ‘invasive’ and its various derivatives (Richardson et al., 2000a). Explicit or implicit definitions for ‘invasive’ include: (1) a synonym for ‘nonindigenous’ (e.g. Goodwin et al., 1999; Radford &Cousens, 2000); (2) an adjective for native or nonindigenous species (NIS) that have colonized natural areas (e.g. Burke & Grime, 1996); (3) discrimination of NIS established in cultivated habitats (as ‘noninvasive’) from those established in natural habitats (e.g. Reichard & Hamilton, 1997); (4) NIS that are widespread (e.g. van Clef & Stiles, 2001); or (5) widespread NIS that have adverse effects on the invaded habitat (e.g. Davis & Thompson, 2000; Mack et al., 2000).



Note that except for #2, all the definitions require that the species is a nonindigenous (non-native) species in the area under consideration. Therefore, while humans may be considered to have been an invasive species for much of our species history, under most definitions of the term we no longer qualify because except in a few places (mainly the arctic, antarctic and marine environments, where human presence is minimal) we are now a native species.


See also http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/are-humans-an-invasive-species-42999965/?no-ist


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